Goldenrod

Goldenrod is a hardy perennial that is easy to grow from seed and well suited to a wide range of garden conditions. Seed can be sown indoors from early spring onwards, or sown directly outdoors once the soil has warmed and conditions are settled.

Sow the seed on the surface of the compost or soil and cover with a very fine layer of compost or vermiculite, then press firmly to ensure good contact. Keep the surface evenly moist until seedlings are established. Germination is usually reliable and fairly quick, often taking around 7–14 days.

When seedlings are large enough to handle, prick out into individual pots and grow on until well established. Plant out once the risk of frost has passed. If sowing directly, thin seedlings once established. Goldenrod forms strong clumps over time, so allow a spacing of around 45–60cm between plants.

Goldenrod prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade, and grows well in a wide range of soils. It performs best in reasonably fertile, moisture-retentive ground, though once established it is drought tolerant and requires little ongoing care.

Plants typically produce leafy growth in the first year, followed by tall flowering stems topped with bright yellow flowers in late summer and early autumn in subsequent years. Goldenrod can self-seed and spread if conditions suit it, so remove flower heads before seed is set if you want to limit its spread, or leave them in place if you’re happy for it to naturalise.

For many centuries goldenrod has been used as a urinary alterative, helping to soothe irritation, discomfort and infections.

It is also known for loosening phlegm and removing respiratory congestion. It is high in saponins, the ‘soapy’ substances that can cause a bit of counter-irritation that helps to expectorate mucus. Its affinity for the upper respiratory tract make it useful for sore throats and hayfever too. Because it is good for digestion, lungs and urinary system, it is considered an ‘all rounder’.

Harvest the flowering tops in its second year and then dry in bunches tied upside down in a well ventilated room. Or cut into small pieces and dry in a dehydrator at 25C for 12 hours.

Use 6-10g per day in teas (2-3 tsp per cup). It tastes better with elderflower and mint.