Evening primrose

Name: Evening primrose
SKU: OenB
Price: 2.25 GBP
Availability: InStock

Oenothera biennis

Evening primrose gets its name from its large yellow flowers, which resemble primroses and open up late in the day. It has become a well-known name largely due to the precious skin-rejuvenating and hormone-balancing oil extracted from its seeds.

Evening primrose is thought to have originated in Central America, spreading to North and South America where Native Americans used the whole plant for a range of ailments from skin complaints to water-retention. It was introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 17^th century and is now naturalised in Europe and Asia. All parts of the plant are edible, making it a popular plant for foragers.

Classified as a biennial, evening primrose is a versatile species that is able to survive in a diverse range of challenging environments, from desert regions to riverbeds, seashores and mountains. In an English garden it will do best in full sunshine, but will most likely survive wherever you choose to grow it. The late opening of its flowers provide an important source of nectar to moths and other night-time pollinators.

As the short-lived flowers die a pod forms containing their gift of tiny fatty acid packed seeds. Each successive night another whorl of flowers opens gradually progressing skywards towards the tip of the tall stem.

SKU: OenB Categories: Herbs, Seed Packs

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Sowing and Growing

Sow in trays indoors in early spring or sow directly outdoors after the risk of frost has passed. Scatter seeds on the surface, gently pressing them in without covering, as some exposure to light will help germination. In our experience germination usually takes around 12 days, but this may vary depending on temperature and conditions. Thin or transplant with 30-60cm spacing.

Once established, Evening Primrose requires little care and maintenance, but you do need to be mindful of self-seeding. It is a prolific producer of seeds so make sure you harvest them before they fall. It is usually described as a biennial, or occasionally a short-lived perennial, but due to its self-seeding tendencies, you can usually assume that new seedlings will appear and your patch of plants is likely to be a perennial feature for as long as you want it there.

Uses and Benefits

Evening primrose seed oil has an incredibly rich essential fatty acid profile making it a useful rejuvenative for the skin containing Linoleic acid 65-75%, Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) 8-10.5%, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids.

It is protective, nourishing, healing and reduces inflammation and ageing skin. Like borage, it contains Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA) which contributes to its exceptional nourishing and anti-ageing properties. GLA is a special fatty acid that locks moisture into the skin. The outermost layer of healthy skin (the stratum corneum) is rich in essential fatty acids that help to prevent water loss. Skin loses its ability to retain this essential moisture as it ages or when there is a dietary deficiency of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acid deficiency is a complication of the now popular (but mistaken) low-fat and fat-free weight loss diets that can result in dull, dehydrated and slack skin. Applying evening primrose or borage oil to the skin has been shown to increase the levels of GLA in the stratum corneum, reducing moisture loss, correcting dryness and plumping up the skin thereby reducing fine lines and wrinkles.

Evening primrose oil applied topically accelerates the healing process of damaged skin, whilst its anti-inflammatory action make it suitable for reactive skins where it reduces redness allowing skin to heal and restore. Abnormally low levels of essential fatty acids have been associated with some inflammatory skin conditions. GLA along with linoleic acid are absorbed into the deeper layers of the epidermis enhancing the permeation through the skin. This has a valuable function of enabling these fatty acids to “carry” other key ingredients and their active constituents such as fat soluble vitamins and phytochemicals, antioxidants and essential oils with them. These properties make evening primrose a highly effective oil for repairing and maintaining the integrity of the skin and treating and preventing wrinkles.

Due to its GLA content, evening primrose oil is recommended for establishing and maintaining optimum skin function thereby boosting skin with sluggish metabolism. The cumulative effects of increased moisture levels, permeation and repair treats dry, scaly skin revealing skin which is dewy, smooth and supple.

Evening primrose seeds’ GLA content also assists in hormone balancing. When taken in the form of oil or supplements, evening primrose can effectively alleviate hormonal imbalances commonly found in conditions like premenstrual syndrome, menopause and hormonal acne.

GLA works by supporting hormone synthesis and function, acting as a precursor to prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances crucial for regulating various bodily processes, including inflammation, blood clotting, and hormone balance. By promoting prostaglandin production, evening primrose oil helps mitigate hormonal fluctuations and their associated symptoms such as hot flashes, mood changes and cramps.

Harvesting and Preparation

To be honest its quite hard to make the oil at home without some oil mill or extrusion equipment. But it is possible as evening primrose produces a mass of tiny seeds. If you do not harvest for the seed then do remove old seed heads to avoid too much self-seeding.

The leaves and the root have been used as poultices for bruises and damaged skin.

All parts of the plant are edible. At the time of writing we haven’t actually tried eating the roots and leaves, and we have read mixed reports on how tasty they are. But there is no doubt that the flowers make a vibrant and tasty addition to a salad, and the seeds, packed with valuable omega-6 fatty acids, can be toasted for use in salads, soups, breads and cakes.

Species Info

Soil

Clay, Loamy, Sandy

Flower Colour(s)

Yellow

Recommended for Beginners

Stratification Needed?

Stratification not required

Herbal Tradition

Native American, Western

General Uses

Edible, Edible Flowers, Medicinal, Perennial Veg

Can be sown direct?

Yes

RHS Pollinators

UK Native

Height

100 – 150 cm

Herbal Uses

Circulation, Hormonal, Reproduction, Skin

Hardiness

H6 (hardy – very cold winter)

Flowering

July, August, September

Life Cycle

Biennial

Water

Moist, Well-drained

Sunlight

Full sun, Part shade

Alkaline, Neutral

Recommended Sowing Times

March, April, August, May, September

Best for Bees

Make Your Own

Capsule, Cream, Food, Herbal Honey, Salves, Tincture

Description

Additional information